学名：Anser cygnoides
英文名：Swan Goose
分类：雁形目
鸿雁，大型水禽。体长80～93cm，体重2.8～5kg。主要栖息于开阔平原和平原草地上的湖泊、水塘、河流、沼泽及其附近地区。以各种草本植物的叶、芽、包括陆生植物和水生植物、芦苇、藻类等植物性食物，或少量甲壳类和软体动物性食物为食。食量大。常成群活动，迁徙季节甚至集成上千只的大群。分布于中国、西伯利亚南部、中亚，从鄂毕河、托博尔河往东，一直到鄂霍次克海岸、堪察加半岛和库页岛。越冬在朝鲜半岛和日本。
Swan goose is a kind of large waterfowl which belongs to the order of Anseriformes.The body is 80 ~ 93cm and weighs 2.8 ~ 5kg.It mainly perches in lakes, reservoirs, rivers, swamps and surrounding areas of open plains.Their appetite is big, mainly lives on variety of herbs such as leaves and buds, including terrestrial and aquatic plants, reeds, algae and other plant-based foods, or a small amount of crustaceans and molluscs.During migration seasons,they even integrate a large group including thousands of members.Distributed in China, southern Siberia and central Asia.From the ob and tobohr to the east, to the coast of okhotsk, Kamchatka peninsula and sakhalin island are also distributed. And they are in Korea and Japan spending winter.
鸿雁，又叫：原鹅、随鹅、奇鹅、黑嘴雁、沙雁、草雁等。颈长。鸿雁雌、雄相似。雄鸟上嘴基部有一疣状突。长的嘴与前额成一直线，一道狭窄白线环绕嘴基
鸿雁迁徙时，由有经验的老雁任头雁；幼雁和体弱多病的在队伍中间；最后由老雁压阵。它们飞行的速度很快，且连续飞一两个月根本不成问题。飞行中，前面的头雁鼓动翅尖，产生轻微的上升气流，后面的雁阵就借助气流的冲力，排成“一”字或“人”字，在空中滑翔以节省体力消耗。为保存体能，头雁要不时更换。不过，不管怎么变化，队伍都是秩序井然。在传统礼仪中，雁被称为“五常俱全”的灵物。何为“五常”？仁、义、礼、智、信，是也。
雁有仁。像人一样，雁阵中难免会有老、弱、病、残、幼者，不能凭借自己的能力觅食、行动。雁群绝不会弃之不顾，而是怜病惜弱、帮幼助残，将垂垂者养老送终。此为仁爱、仁义。
雁有义。雌、雄鸟婚配后，从一而终，至死不渝。不论是雌雁死还是雄雁亡，剩下的孤雁至死也不会再找其他的伴侣。此为情深、意重。
雁有礼。它们在觅食或飞行时，从来都是谦卑、礼让，不争吵，不逾矩。飞行中，雁阵的阵头由“德高望重”的老雁引领。即使壮雁飞得再快，也不会超过老雁。此为谦恭、礼貌。
雁有智。歇息时，群雁中会有孤雁放哨、警戒。若遇风吹草动，迅速做出反应，群雁便立刻飞到空中。所以，不论是猎户还是野兽很难接近雁群，更别提猎取了。此为智力、智能。
雁有信。它们是春天的报时鸟。春天北归，秋天南往，从不误事。从雁的迁徙，人们可以直观地看到时节的变迁。此为信义、信用。
Swan goose has a long neck, also called grass goose.The female and male of swan goose are similar.The long mouth of male is in a straight line with the forehead, a narrow white line around the mouth base.
When the swan goose migrates, the experienced wild goose is in the front of the line,the young geese and the sickly are in the middle of the line, the old goose is at the end of the line.They fly fast and fly for a month or two without a problem. The leading wild goose put the wing tips to produce mild updraft, and the other goose with the aid of the impact of airflow fly in the character "one" or "people" and save energy consumption by gliding in the air.To conserve energy, wild geese must be replaced from time to time.Whatever the change, the line is orderly.In traditional etiquette, geese is called "the five common quality" including benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom, faith.
Swan goose has benevolence.There are old, weak, sick,disabled and young goose, even unable to forage and act on their own abilities.The group of Swan goose will not abandon it, but look after the weak, help the young and the disable.It is benevolence and righteousness.
Goose have righteousness.Female and male bird marriage is eternal.Whether a female goose or a male died, the remaining wild geese will never find another mate.
Goose are polite.They are always humble, courteous, and unalterable when they are foraging or flying.During the flight, the head of the goose is led by the old geese.Even if the geese fly faster, they will not surpass the old geese.
Goose have wisdom.When they rest, there is a wild geese keeping watch.On hearing some voice,flock of geese will fly into the air immediately.So it's hard to get close to wild geese for hunting.
Wild goose has faith .They are the springtime birds that fly to the north in spring, and back to south in autumn.From the migration of the geese, people can see the changes of the season visually.